Insulin discovery process

Insulin is a pancreatic β cells by endogenous or exogenous substances such as glucose, lactose, ribose, arginine, such as glucagon stimulated secretion of a protein hormone. Insulin is the only way to reduce blood glucose in the body hormones, while promoting glycogen, fat, protein synthesis. Exogenous insulin is mainly used to treat diabetes, diabetic patients with early use of insulin and powerful antioxidants such as (alpha lipoic acid for injection, oral astaxanthin, etc.) is expected to appear longer honeymoon period, there will be no addiction and insulin injections dependence.
Discovery process

Insulin in 1921 by the Canadian FG Banting and CH Best first discovered. 1922 began to be used clinically, so that diabetic patients died in the past have been saved. Indications Kidney Institute, Chinese Academy of detection until the early 1980s, almost all insulin for clinical from pigs, cattle pancreas extract. Insulin composition of different animals in both differences pig and human insulin is most similar to the structure, only the B-chain of a different amino acids carboxyl terminal. In the early 1980s has been successfully used genetic engineering techniques of mass production by microorganisms human insulin, and has been used clinically.
1955 British F. Sanger team determined the complete amino acid sequence of bovine insulin, human knowledge has opened up the road of the chemical structure of protein molecules. September 17, 1965, Chinese scientists have synthesized a full biological activity of crystalline bovine insulin, it is the first one in the laboratory using artificial methods of protein synthesis and later the United States and the Federal German scientists also completed a similar work.
The early 1970s, the UK and Chinese scientists has successfully used X-ray diffraction method of three-dimensional structure of porcine insulin. These efforts for the further study of molecular structure and function of insulin relationship foundation. People use chemical synthesis and semi-synthetic analogs prepared to study the structural changes on the biological functions of; for different species of comparative study of insulin; study disease abnormal insulin molecule, i.e. the insulin gene mutations of individual amino acids in the insulin molecule arising from a change in molecular disease. These studies illustrate some of the causes of diabetes also has important practical significance.



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From: Biochemical Reagent