Sunday, December 29, 2013
Information about Iopromide
Twelve advantageous macho volunteers alternate in a single-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled cross-over abstraction of IV iopromide in doses of 15 g iodine or 80 g iodine alloyed over a aeon of 15 min. The volunteers were empiric for three canicule during which time claret samples, urine and faeces were collected.
The terminal disposition appearance half-life of iopromide was 2 h and 1.9 h, and the absolute approval was 110 and 103 ml·min-1 at the lower and at the college dosage levels, respectively. The abiding accompaniment aggregate of administration was 16 and 17 l, advertence predominantly extracellular administration of iopromide.
Statistical assay (one-sided t-test) showed that all the ambition ambit (AUC, half-life and urinary excretion) were agnate at both dosage levels, advertence dosage proportionate, aboriginal adjustment kinetics of iopromide over the ample dosage ambit tested. Iopromide was able-bodied acceptable afterwards both doses.
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From:pharmaceutical chemicals
Friday, December 27, 2013
Information of the Ammonium Persulphate 1
Ammonium Persulphate 1 - leakage emergency handling
Emergency treatment: the isolation leakage pollution area, restricted movement. Recommended emergency personnel wear dust mask (comprehensive cover), wear protective clothing. Don't direct contact with the leakage. Don't make the leakage and reducing agent, organic matter, contact with combustible or metal powder. A small leak: lime or soda ash mixed with sand, dry. Collected in a dry, clean, covered container. Can also use a lot of water to rinse, wash water diluted into the wastewater system. Collecting leak: recycling or shipped to the disposal of waste places.
Ammonium Persulphate 1 - operation disposal and storage
Operation note: airtight operation, local exhaust. Operators must receive special training, strictly abide by the operation procedures. Suggest operators wear hood type electric supply air filter dust respirator, polyethylene wear protective clothing, wear rubber gloves. Away from fire and heat source, the workplace smoking is strictly prohibited. Avoid dust. Avoid contact with the reducing agent, active metal powder. Light light discharge when handling to prevent damage to packaging and container. Ban shock, impact and friction. Equipped with corresponding varieties and number of fire equipment and spill contingency processing equipment. Empty containers may remain inside.
Storage precautions: store in a cool, dry, well ventilated warehouse. Away from fire and heat source. The packaging must be sealed to prevent be affected with damp be affected with damp. Should be stored separately, such as reducing agent, active metal powder, mixing storage of avoid by all means. Storage area should be equipped with the right material for leakage content.
Tuesday, December 24, 2013
The introduction of the Electrolytic iron powder
Despite all-encompassing use, advice on the bioavailability of basal adamant powders to humans, as afflicted by dosage and added comestible constituents, is limited. Three abstracts were conducted to appraise the assimilation of electrolytic adamant crumb about to FeSO4, as afflicted by adamant dosage and by ascorbic or phytic acid. Adamant assimilation by 56 volunteers was abstinent from a farina atom breakfast radiolabeled with 59FeSO4 or an electrolytic 55Fe crumb ablaze by neutron activation. Assimilation was bent from whole-body counting (59Fe) and claret isotope assimilation 2 wk later. Three experiments were conducted to assess the absorption of Electrolytic iron powder relative to FeSO4. Ascorbic acerbic (approximately 160 mg) added adamant assimilation from FeSO4 by about 4-fold but alone angled assimilation from electrolytic adamant (P for alternation < 0.01). Phytic acerbic from aureate bran inhibited adamant assimilation from FeSO4 and electrolytic adamant by 73 and 50%, appropriately (P for interaction, NS). Compared with 3 mg, a 20-mg dosage bargain apportioned assimilation from FeSO4, but not electrolytic adamant (P for alternation < 0.0001). Despite a abundant college bioavailability (50% about to FeSO4) of this aforementioned electrolytic adamant if activated ahead in a pig model, the bioavailability of the ablaze electrolytic adamant was poor in humans. The beneath access of ascorbic acerbic on the assimilation of beneath acrid adamant sources such as basal adamant powders may be an important application if allotment adamant fortificants.
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From:Organic Chemical Compound
Tuesday, December 17, 2013
The role of the 5-(Difluoromethoxy)-2-(((3,4-dimethoxy-2-pyridinyl)methyl) sulfinyl)-1H-benzimidazole sodium
Antacids and antiulcer drugs: 5 - (Difluoromethoxy) - 2 - (((3, 4 - dimethoxy - 2 - pyridinyl) methyl) sulfinyl) 1 h - benzimidazole sodium is also called pan tora azole sodium, Northumberland, Pan Meilu, Locke, pan is a kind of peptic ulcer and acid resistance, spasmolysis medicine, clinical correlation is mainly used in the acid treatment, such as the duodenal ulcer, gastric ulcer, reflux esophagitis, acute gastric mucosa lesion compound ulcer and other acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding, zhuo - ai syndrome, acute pancreatitis and stress ulcer.
Pharmacological effects: this product through specific effect on gastric mucosal cell wall and lower wall cells of H +, K + atpase activity, thus inhibiting the secretion of stomach acid. Compared with omeprazole, panxi tora azole sodium of cytochrome P450 enzyme inhibition is weak.
Panxi tora azole sodium and omeprazole, sola azole cells proton pump inhibitors are the lining of the stomach, is relatively stable in neutral and weak acid conditions, under the condition of strong acid activation, quickly the pH dependence of activation feature, make it to the effect of H +, K + atpase has better selectivity.
Pharmacokinetic: oral absorbed quickly and completely, after a single oral 40 mg after 2 ~ 3 hours to reach peak blood drug concentration, its oral preparations of absolute bioavailability of 77%, panxi tora azole sodium plasma protein union rate of 98%, mainly in the liver metabolism to methyl panxi tora azole sulfate. Half-life 1 hour or so, to methyl panxi tora half-life of sulfate 1 ~ 5 hours. 80% of the metabolites by the kidneys, and the rest by bile into the droppings.
Drug interactions: diazepam tora azole sodium small interactions with other drugs, compared with omeprazole, small effect on the cytochrome P450 system, does not affect the stability and the role of the time, and oral contraceptives, digoxin, warfarin, phenytoin sodium or theophylline has no obvious interaction.
Adverse reactions and precautions: adverse reactions to occasional dizziness, insomnia, drowsiness, nausea, diarrhea, constipation, skin rashes and muscle pain, large dose use can appear arrhythmia, amino transferase rise, changes in renal function, granulocytopenia. Liver and renal insufficiency and children with caution. Pregnancy and lactation women are prohibited.
Purpose: 1 antacids and antiulcer drug, for gastric and duodenal ulcer. 2 antacids and antiulcer drug for the treatment of gastric and duodenal ulcer disease
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From:Natural herbal extracts
Thursday, December 12, 2013
The molecular structure of Daptomycin is introduced
Daptomycin is by Lilly (Lilly) company original research, Cubist pharmaceutical companies develop a ring fat peptide antibiotics. Deal with resistance to new antibiotics the pressing needs of the patient, at the end of 2003, the United States food and drug administration (FDA) following a quick trial program approval for injection of tora toxin (Daptomycin) (trade name cubicin) used to treat some gram positive strains of the sensitive concurrency skin and skin structure infections, such as abscess, infection of incision and skin ulcers. Of different mechanism of the drug, and other antibiotics, it by disrupting the cell membrane transport of amino acids, which hinder the biosynthesis of bacterial cell wall peptidoglycan, change the nature of the cytoplasmic membrane; In addition, it can destroy bacteria cell membrane, make its contents were leaked and reach the purpose of sterilization, because bacteria for drug resistance may be more difficult.
Of azithromycin is rose spore streptomycete A21978C fat peptide compounds of fermented product by N - decyl acyl derivatives, are fat acid ring peptide antibiotics. Of fosomycin contains 13 amino acids, including 10 amino acids to form ring ten fat peptide, the other three amino acid and decanoic acyl to form side chain, complicated structure, difficult to chemical synthesis.
Of azithromycin is the second generation after vancomycin sugar peptide antibiotics, is extracted from Streptomyces fermentation contained a cyclic ester of peptides, it not only has the novel chemical structure, and its action mode is different from any listed have been allowed to antibiotics, used as an effective alternative to vancomycin, pharmaceutical enterprises in China in recent years for the generic drug product as substantial progress has been made, the sea is pharmaceutical of 5 tons of fosomycin API project is under construction, zhejiang medicine currently has 2 tons/year production capacity.
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Tuesday, December 10, 2013
What are the effects o the thyroid powder
Thyroid powder is mainly used to maintain normal body development, promote metabolism, and so on. It is mainly used for thyroid function for ailments caused by insufficient (cretinism), or mucous edema disease, or other hypothyroidism. With phenytoin sodium, aspirin, share, oral medications can increase its effect, adverse reactions with the aggravating, also must pay special attention to, should avoid taking at the same time.
Thyroid powder, promote the growth and development is the most obvious in infancy, the biggest effect within four months after birth. It is mainly to promote the growth and development of bones, brain and reproductive organs. If no thyroid powder, pituitary GH cannot play a role. Moreover, thyroid powder are lacking, pituitary generated and GH secretion is reduced. So congenital or lack of childhood thyroid powder, stay ailment. Stay ailment in patients with bone growth stagnation and short stature, and the length of the lower proportion of disorder, the upper part of the proportion of more than normal. And because of neuronal dendrites and axons and myelin sheath and glial cell growth disorder, cerebral dysgenesis and mental retardation. Their sexual organs cannot be mature. Patients must be in about three months after birth, the supplement of thyroid powder, not later than this time, the treatment is often ineffective.
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Wednesday, December 4, 2013
Neotigason treatment of psoriasis
Acitretin (trade name Soriatane or Neotigason) is a second-generation retinoid. It is taken orally, and is about acclimated for psoriasis.
It is a metabolite of etretinate, which was acclimated above-mentioned to the addition of acitretin. Etretinate was discontinued because it had a attenuated ameliorative basis as able-bodied as a continued abolishment half-life (t1/2=120 days), authoritative dosing difficult. In contrast, acitretin's half-life is about 2 days. However, because acitretin can be about-face metabolised into etretinate which has an acutely continued half-life, women accept to abstain acceptable abundant for at atomic 3 years afterwards alternate acitretin. Therefore, acitretin is about not recommended for women of changeable age with a accident of acceptable pregnant.
Acitretin is an articulate retinoid acclimated in the analysis of astringent aggressive psoriasis. Because of the abeyant for problems and astringent ancillary furnishings it is about acclimated in alone actual astringent cases of crawling that accept been above to added treatments. It binds to nuclear receptors that regulates gene transcription. They abet keratinocyte adverse and abate epidermal hyperplasia, arch to the slowing of corpuscle reproduction. Acitretin is readily captivated and broadly broadcast afterwards articulate administration. A ameliorative aftereffect occurs afterwards 2 to 4 weeks or longer.
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From:pharmaceutical chemicals
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