Hydrogen Peroxide (H2O2) is the simplest achromatize (a admixture with an oxygen-oxygen individual bond). It is aswell a able oxidizer. Hydrogen achromatize is a bright liquid, hardly added adhesive than water. In adulterate solution, it appears colorless. Due to its acerbic properties, Hydrogen Peroxide is generally acclimated as a Peroxide or charwoman agent. The acerbic accommodation of Hydrogen Peroxide is so able that it is advised a awful acknowledging oxygen species. Hydrogen achromatize is accordingly acclimated as a propellant in rocketry. Organisms aswell by itself aftermath hydrogen achromatize as a by-product of oxidative metabolism. Consequently, about all active things (specifically, all astrict and arbitrary aerobes) acquire enzymes accepted as catalyse peroxidases, which harmlessly and catalytically decompose low concentrations of hydrogen achromatize to baptize and oxygen.
Structure and properties
Hydrogen Peroxide adopts a nonplanar structure of C2 symmetry. Although chiral, the molecule undergoes rapid racemization. The flat shape of the anti conformer would minimize steric repulsions, the 90° torsion angle of the syn conformer would optimize mixing between the filled p-type orbital of the oxygen (one of the lone pairs) and the LUMO of the vicinal O-H bond. The observed anticlinal "skewed" shape is a compromise between the two conformers.
Although the O−O bond is a single bond, the molecule has a relatively high barrier to rotation, of 29.45 kJ/mol; the rotational barrier is 12.5 kJ/mol for the bulkier molecule ethane. The increased barrier is ascribed to repulsion between nonbonding electrons (lone pairs) on the adjacent oxygen centres. The bond angles are affected by hydrogen bonding, which is relevant to the difference between the structure of gaseous and crystalline forms; indeed a wide range of values is seen in crystals containing H2O2.
Comparison with analogues
Analogues of hydrogen peroxide include the chemically identical deuterium peroxide, and hydrogen disulfide. Hydrogen disulfide has a boiling point of only 70.7 °C despite having a higher molecular weight, indicating that hydrogen bonding increases the boiling point of hydrogen peroxide.
Physical properties
In aqueous solutions hydrogen peroxide differs from the pure material. This reflects the effects of hydrogen bonding between water and hydrogen peroxide. Hydrogen peroxide and water form a eutectic mixture, exhibiting freezing-point depression. Pure water melts and freezes at approximately 273 K, and pure hydrogen peroxide just 0.4 K below that, but a 50% (by volume) solution melts and freezes at 221 K. its boiling point is 114 degree Celsius
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